ECHOCARDIOGRAPHY FOR BEGINNERS: TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES TO CARDIAC ULTRASONIC EVALUATION

(film duration 46 min)

This educational film will be a useful guide for everyone who is studying or practicing Echocardiography. The information is presented in a way that is logical and easy to understand. The film is prepared according to the guidelines of the American Society of Echocardiography.

Parts:

• Parasternal Long Axis View Clip 1
• Parasternal Long Axis View of the Right Ventricular Outflow Tract
• Parasternal Long Axis View of the Right Ventricular Inflow Tract
• Parasternal Short Axis Views of the Left Ventricle
• Segmental Approach to Analyzing Regional Ventricular Function
• Apical Views (See Clip 1, Clip 2, Clip 3)
• Subcostal Views (See Clip 1)
• Suprasternal Views
  
  Author Volodymyr Pavliuk, MD, PhD

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THE CAROTID AND VERTEBRAL ARTERIES: TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES TO ULTRASONIC EVALUATION

This educational film will be a useful guide for everyone who is studying the method of ultrasonic carotid evaluation. The information is presented in a way that is logical and easy to understand.  

• The patient position and ultrasound approaches
• Identifying the course of the carotid arteries
• Identifying the internal and external carotid arteries
• Identifying Doppler parameters of blood flow
• Measuring the intima-medial thickness
• Vertebral arteries

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SCHOOL OF PARENTHOOD

This series of films presents a complete program to prepare expecting parents for the prenatal and postnatal stages

part1 (65 min)

• Contractions
• What to do during contractions
• Positions with a ball
• Massages during contractions
• Breathing during contractions
• Relaxation
• The “pushing” stage
• Delivery of the placenta
• Exercises during pregnancy

part2 (65 min)

• Тhe warm connection between mother and child
• First latching to the breast
• Recovering together
• Breastfeeding
• Anatomy of the breast
• The mechanisms of milk production, excretion and suppression
• Composition and properties of breast milk
• Latching on
• Positions for breastfeeding
• Difficulties in breastfeeding
• Expression of milk
• Breast engorgement
• Sore and cracked nipples
• Blocked ducts (lactostasis)
• Lactation crisis
• Breast rejection 

part3 (70 min)

• Child care
– washing boys
– washing girl
• Baby massages and physical exercises
- massaging your baby, the first month after birth
- baby massages at the age of 4 months
• Postpartum physical exercises
• Resuming fertility after giving birth

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ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC EXAMINATION: ADJUSTING THE BASIC SETTINGS FOR AN OPTIMAL VISUALIZATION

In this educational film we visually demonstrate the basic settings adjustments for an optimal echocardiographic examination

• Choosing a transducer frequency
• The optimal level of dynamic range
• Time gain compensation (TGC) setting
• The overall gain setting
• Changing the focus on the image
• The optimal level of compression
• Selecting the sector angle
• Selecting the depth setting
• The Zoom function
• The colorise control
• The cineloop function
• The optimal level of overall gain during a colour doppler examination
• Colour gain
• Colour box
• Colour Doppler: Determining the direction of blood flow
• Colour Doppler: removing the aliasing
• Pulsed wave Doppler:  Determining the direction of blood flow
• Pulsed wave Doppler: removing the aliasing

Author Volodymyr Pavliuk, MD, PhD

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ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF LEFT VENTRICULAR SYSTOLIC FUNCTION

In this film we have presented critical review of the main methods of the echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular systolic function

• CALCULATING THE LVEF WITH THE TEICHHOLZ METHOD
• CALCULATING THE LVEF WITH THE MODIFIED SIMPSON’S METHOD
  (METHOD OF DISCS)
  
• DOPPLER METHOD OF CALCULATING LVEF
  
• REGIONAL LEFT VENTRICULAR WALL MOTION ASSESSMENT
  
• CLINICAL CASES
  
  Author Volodymyr Pavliuk, MD, PhD
  

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ECHOCARDIOGRAPHIC ASSESSMENT OF MITRAL REGURGITATION

In this film we present a review of the main methods of echocardiographic assessment of mitral regurgitation.

• MITRAL REGURGITATION: USE OF COLOR-FLOW DOPPLER CONTROLS
  – Use of color gain
  – Altered Nyquist (or Scale factor)
  – Effect of frame rate
  – Effect of Persistence
  – Excess image gain

• DOPPLER METHODS FOR GRADING MR
  – Color jet area
  – Vena contracta width
  – Proximal flow convergence and proximal isovelocity surface area (PISA)

• OTHER DOPPLER METHODS
  – Systolic flow reversal in the pulmonary veins
  – Continuous-wave jet intensity and morphology
  
  Author Volodymyr Pavliuk, MD, PhD
  

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